Gravity Law Anomalies

Actually all the following issues are described as gravitational anomalies. It would be better to describe them as gravity law anomalies. Usually, in a normal scientific approach, anomalies help to develop more simple and efficient models. That’s what we will try to do using our simple springs model. Here is a brief description of these anomalies:

Dark matter
most stars in spiral galaxies orbit at roughly the same speed whatever is there distance from the center of the galaxy. This corroborated observation pointed at an important issue with Newtonian gravity

Rotation curve of a typical spiral galaxy: predicted (A) and observed (B). Dark matter can explain the velocity curve having a "flat" appearance out to a large radius. source: Wikipedia

This result suggests that either Newtonian gravity does not apply universally or that, conservatively, upwards of 50% of the mass of galaxies was contained in the relatively dark galactic halo.

This have suggested two possible theories:

1. Dark matter theory: hypothetic non detectable matter composing the dark galactic halo is a possible simple explanation but we still don’t know why it is there and why we can not detect something that composes over 90% of the universe mass
2. (MOND theory) Modified Newtonian Dynamics: which corrects Newton's laws at small acceleration. But as an effective theory, it describes the dynamics of accelerated object with an equation, without any physical justification.

Dark energy

The Big bang theory suggested first that the universe has exploded and is expanding, but due to universe mass, the expansion should decelerate. But in 1998 a corroborated observations of type Ia supernovae ("one-A") showed that the expansion is accelerating! Then the most simple explanation arises : It should exist an energy (dark because we don't know what it could be) that push the universe, otherwise it would not accelerate. But until today the nature of the dark energy is a deep mystery an Dark energy issue created a lot of difficulties to dark matter models.

A possible alternative to dark energy is that the redshift is more a tired light effect than Doppler effect. Then all the calculations about an expending universe are may be not as exact as we could expect!!

Martin Kunz : The cosmological concordance model contains two separate constituents which interact only gravitationally with themselves and everything else, the dark matter and the dark energy. In the standard dark energy models, the dark matter makes up some 20% of the total energy budget today, while the dark energy is responsible for about 75%. (…)

The Pioneer anomaly

Pioneer anomaly is the observed deviation from expectations of the trajectories of various spacecraft visiting the outer solar system, it seems that the probes are pushed toward the sun or pulled by the sun more than it should according to Newton gravity law

Modeling with springs

With our very simple springs model we found that the Newtonian law is exactly represented in a hookean spring structure. So what are the modifications or the dynamics that could lead to pioneer effect and galaxy rotational curves explanation using our simple springs model?

1- If we can suppose that universe is expanding or visible universe is expanding; then we can also suppose that light medium is shrinking! a shrinking light medium would lead to the same perception! But when we tried in simulation we found something new (emerging effect): a shrinking medium modifies tension distribution around a pulling point (mass) and the simulation shows an additional push toward to the pulling point in long distances!. Hopefully, expanding and shrinking is an intrinsic characteristic of our springs structure without the need of a big bang. Shrinking universe simulation (released!)

2- To agree with observations, the first simple modification of the model could concern springs. In fact, in our model, springs are hookean but in nature, Hooke's law is only valid for the portion of the curve between the origin and the yield point, and hook’s law is only a very good approximation in this portion, exactly, as Newton law is. Then, non hookean springs are a possible model base to explain the anomalies

Next steps:

1- Non hookean springs structure (within 3 months)

2- Combination between both possibilities to fit to all observations (within 4 or 5 months depending on your contribution)